Bioprinting with Sugar

I didn’t read a ton of Sci-Fi when I was a kid (Tolkien was more my thing), but I did read enough of it to expect to someday have cloned organs appear as an alternative to donated organs. I did not, however, expect that these organs might be created using sugar or even have any concept of bioprinting.

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) have figured out how to use a 3D printer and sugar to create a vascular system. The research is revealed in journal Nature Materials. When mixed with bio-gels like fibrin, Matrigel or extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics, the process has the potential for building viable organs.

The problem, thus far, with the artificial production of organs has been keeping cells alive long enough for tissue to form.

“The big challenge in understanding how to grow large artificial tissue is how to keep all the cells alive in these engineered tissues, because when you put a lot of cells together, they end up taking nutrients and oxygen from neighboring cells and end up suffocating and dying,” said Dr. Jordan Miller, UPenn postdoctoral fellow.

The fact I’m typing this illustrates that natural organs don’t have this issue, because blood vessels pump oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. UPenn’s solution to the problem is to create a framework of sugar using 3D printing. This lattice is then surrounded by bio-gel and the sugar is dissolved to leave vasculature through which blood (or nutrient materials) can flow.

If you create the bio-gel using cells from a patient, you could create artificial organs that are highly unlikely to be rejected. Lead research, Dr. Christopher Chen, has said doctors could begin creating new organs using a sugar lattice and bio-gel within 30 minutes.

The next step in trials for the new method is testing in animals. So far, Dr. Chen’s team has managed to create rat liver cells functioning for eight days.

Below you’ll find a short video about the process.

Sources: BBC, Royal Society of Chemistry